HAL Tejas MK 2: What Could Have Been for India

India’s indigenous fighter jet program has faced a mixture of achievements and setbacks. The Tejas MK 2, an upgraded version of the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA), is set to strengthen the Indian Air Force’s squadron numbers, but delays in engine supply have created uncertainty.

With only a few GE F414 engines delivered so far, India is examining alternative proposals, including a significant offer from French aerospace company Safran.

The proposal promises complete technology transfer and a local engine manufacturing ecosystem for both the Tejas MK 2 and the Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA).

This move could redefine India’s approach to defense self-reliance, especially amid complex international trade relations.

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Key Takeaways

1. Safran proposes full technology transfer and local engine production for Tejas MK 2 and AMCA.

2. GE engine delays are pushing India to explore alternative solutions for timely IAF induction.

3. Tejas MK 2 could expand squadron strength efficiently compared to relying solely on imported jets.

Safran Engine Proposal and Strategic Implications

India’s review of Safran’s engine proposal is a pivotal moment for the Tejas MK 2 program. The French company offers to set up a complete engine ecosystem within India, covering design, manufacturing, and maintenance.

What This Proposal Includes

• Full Technology Transfer: Ensures India gains complete knowledge and control over production.

• Local Manufacturing: Enables the establishment of an engine production line in India, reducing reliance on imports.

• AMCA Readiness: The proposal also extends to the fifth-generation Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft.

This proposal does not replace the ongoing MoU for GE F414 engines but reflects India’s need to secure timely delivery.

Delays in the GE supply, coupled with US export and certification issues, have slowed the Tejas MK 1A induction into the IAF.

By diversifying engine sources, India could maintain production schedules and strengthen strategic autonomy.

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Tejas MK 2’s Role in Squadron Expansion

The IAF is experiencing a fighter squadron shortfall, making the timely induction of Tejas MK 2 critical.

HAL is contracted to deliver 83 improved Mk-1A aircraft, with additional orders for 97 jets approved in August 2025.

Potential Benefits of Tejas MK 2

• Rapid Squadron Filling: Producing Tejas MK 2 locally could address shortages more quickly than importing more Rafale jets.

• Cost-Effective Expansion: Indigenous production helps control costs while boosting operational numbers.

• Mission Flexibility: Designed for multi-role capabilities, the MK 2 can perform air combat, reconnaissance, and precision strikes.

By integrating these jets effectively, India can enhance air defense readiness while leveraging domestic manufacturing expertise.

This also strengthens India’s defense industry by creating jobs and building technical know-how within the country.

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Challenges and the Road Ahead

Despite the promise, there are hurdles. Negotiations over engine contracts are ongoing, and geopolitical factors influence defense procurement.

The Safran proposal must be weighed against existing agreements with GE, balancing cost, delivery timelines, and technology transfer commitments.

Key Considerations

• Delivery Timelines: Ensuring engines are available when aircraft production ramps up is crucial.

• Technology Transfer: Full transfer is vital for India’s long-term self-reliance in defense.

• Integration with Existing Fleets: Tejas MK 2 must complement current Mk-1A and other IAF aircraft.

Additionally, Safran plans to establish a maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) facility for Rafale engines in Hyderabad by 2026, demonstrating its long-term commitment to India. Such investments could strengthen strategic ties and expand India’s aerospace capabilities.

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Conclusion

The Tejas MK 2 program represents both India’s ambition and the complexities of defense self-reliance.

Engine delays and international trade challenges have slowed progress, but proposals like Safran’s offer a pathway to reduce dependence on imports while ensuring timely squadron expansion.

Indigenous production, complete technology transfer, and multi-role fighter capability position India to address future air defense requirements efficiently.

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FAQ

What is the Tejas MK 2?

Tejas MK 2 is an upgraded indigenous fighter jet designed by HAL, aimed at strengthening the Indian Air Force with multi-role capabilities.

Why is Safran proposing engines for Tejas MK 2?

Safran offers full technology transfer and local manufacturing to ensure timely engine supply and strategic autonomy for India.

How does Tejas MK 2 help expand IAF squadrons?

It provides a cost-effective, locally produced option to fill squadron shortages more quickly than relying solely on imported jets.

Are GE engines still part of the plan?

Yes, existing agreements for GE F414 engines remain, but delays have prompted India to explore alternative sources like Safran.

What challenges does Tejas MK 2 face?

Delivery delays, integration with existing fleets, and finalizing engine contracts are key challenges for the successful deployment of the aircraft.

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